All history 1 students will take first part of exam

15 multiple choice

Some are not worded clear

Couple answer for you

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Era good feelings – A peaceful politics time, President Monroe – 1 Political party in power

Aztecs – Indians of Central Mexico, Spanish Conqueror them in 1519. disease conquored them.

French and Indian war – 7 years war – fought between England – France – Determine which one was going to control North America. (1754 – 1763)

Era of America Revolution (after 7 years war)

Manifest Destiny – the concept that america will stretch from ocean to ocean – completed. Mexican War completes manifest destiny.

Dread Scott decision 1857 – supreme court rules that he is still a slave and cannot restrict slavery

Kansas-Nebraska act – Stephen Douglas. Letting people decide – popular sovereignty. Free state or slave state.

Mini civil war – bleeding Kansas.

Trail of tears – Jumbled up mission, costs thousands of Indian lives.

Nullification – The state could nullify a federal law, which state – South Carolina. Wanting to nullify – Tarrif. John C. Calhoun starts it. Andrew Jackson will send army in.

1819 – Henry clay put’s it together. Missouri wants to come in as slave state. In order to keep balence, Maine created (free state). Maine out of Massachutes. New state. Draw boundry line.

Line suppose to stretch out, North free of slaves, south would be allowed.

(Missouri Compromise Line) – Who chunks it out the Window??? – Stephen Douglas. Throw out window.

Stamp Act – British Parlement put’s tax on all legal documents. Colonial Reaction – Sam qadams and sons of liberty.

Battle of Sarotoga – Signifigance – Brings France on their side.

2nd great awakeningl – religious revival in south

Pilgrims – Mayflower Compact (~1650′s)

Pilgrams ate fih, corn, deer, wild turkey

Don’t worry about battle of Vicksburg – scratch off list

Lincoln Signifigance – his election brought end of union

Short answer is decided upon #1 not #2

eSSAY – sTART AT 1850 is suggested but can go further back

– Compromise 1850

– Southern Convention

– Uncle Toms Cabin

– Bleeding Kansas

– Dread Scott

– Canning of Sumner

– John Browns Raid

– END WITH Election of 1860

*** Corrupt Bargain won’t be on id

– Southern Convention

• From computer – On the menu-bar you’ll see a “Final Exam” link.
• From a cell phone – Click the down arrow on the top right of the page to access the menu and click “Final Exam”
• From here – if you want, you can just click here to take you to the page

This page lists every term that was on the official Final Exam study guide, each term is given comprehensive information and direct links to other places both on this site and elsewhere on the web along with some short descriptions for each term. It also declares when the term was discussed in class in case you want to search your own notes and goes into helpful details over the short answers and the essay.

Confederate States of America

• The definition of a Confederacy is a lose association of states very similar to the articles of confederation.
• The confederacy was a disaster from the beginning and the states often didn’t get along
• Florida was added to the confederacy but not much people lived there so it was pretty much unimportant
• The states who joined were
• South Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Florida
• The one and only president of the CSA was Jefferson Davis since he was most qualified at that time
• Many states were caught in the middle of this split and were being forced to choose sides

Border States

• Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri were against the Confederacy States and were tempted to join the confederacy but Abraham Lincoln forced Marshall Law on them preventing them from joining.
• Maryland especially was surrounded with US Troops, if it joined the confederacy then Washington, DC would be surrounded by Confederate states
• Maryland was given more troops than any other state

Fort Sumter

• First shots of civil war were fired at Fort Sumter (This was not the first battle)
• South Carolina demanded that the United States abandon Fort Sumter but Abraham Lincoln firmly declines. South Carolina then claimed they would force abandonment with battle.
• Fort Sumter was under attack for 2 days by the Confederacy until the Union finally withdraws.
• This made President Lincoln very happy as the Confederacy fell into his political trap
• President Lincoln then easily drums up support in the North in order to attack the South, he marched out in the public and said “We now have no choice but to go to war with the South, they are attacking”
• After the battle of Fort Sumter, both sides quiet down as they figure out battle strategies

The Union Advantages

• The Union had 3 main advantages
• First and foremost was the population count, this included all the Northern population and all the Immigrants
• Essentially this is one of the primary reasons the South lost
• The next advantage is that the nation’s industries were all northern and therefore part of the Union. The South would have to try and buy supplies from the North now.
• The North blockaded the Southern coasts so the south had nowhere to run

The Confederacy Advantages

• While the Union had manpower advantages, the South had psychological advantages
• The South was fighting for a cause, the North was taking away their lifestyle and they were fighting to keep it.
• People who fight for a cause tend to fight harder
• Home-Field advantage, A vast number of battles take place in the South. The South know the lay of the land better than the North.
• They also fight harder when their own property is under attack
• The third advantage became less important over time but started out pretty important, the South had superior and well-experienced officers.

Anaconda plan

• The Anaconda Plan was named after the Anaconda snake who’s killing strategy was to strangle the victim to death. Abraham Lincoln was going to “Divide and Conqueror” the south with this plan by splitting the south up.
• The divide was going to be at the Mississippi River

Confederacy Plan

• The Southerners believed that most people in the North didn’t want to fight the war which was true, only about 50% of the population did.
• The South therefore decided that if they drag-out the war long enough, the North would give-up and call it quits.
• Basically to outlast the other guy which was a dangerous strategy

King Cotton Diplomacy

• This is an important event on the final exam
• A major industry overseas is the Textiles industry which was made from Southern clothing.
• Southern Clothing would be in danger from the civil war so the Southerners simply knew that England and France would send their army to fight the war and keep the industry going.
• This plan would end in Epic Failure, England and France already saw this issue coming so they stock-piled up ahead of time. They tell the South “No Thanks, we have plenty of supplies. Go Fight your own war”

We’re goi9ng to do today, intrduce civil war. I hav tpo take my little one to the doctor – class 30 minutes, 30minutes. Thursday fight civil war and review. Make-up tests Thursday after class. People need to makeup test aren’t here anyway so I might as well be talking to the wall.

Anyone build a snwman, we had a good bit in Hjernando….

Me and my 2 year old made a snowman.

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Last year we finally split the union apart

Remember – sucession is the act of a state, South Carolina is a state, several states band together and form Confederate states of America. It means a lose association of states. Articles of Confederation – Very weak goverbnemtn. Intentionally very weak governemtn.

This was a very loose association of states. Many people didn’t get along – disaster from the beginning. SC, MS, AL, GA, TX, AK, LA, VA, NC, TN, FL – We kind of throw Florida in there but not much people lived there.

The one and only president of CSA was from Mississippi – Jefferson Davis, Qualified to be president. Many states caught in middle of the crisis. Kentucky, Missouri, and Maryland kept from joining union. (Border States). So many Federal troops sent in that marshall law was put into effect, Few deral Governemtn took over running of the states.

GEO Quiz: Which of these did Lincoln have to be kep in at all costs. — Marryland – Washington DC, What would have happened if Marryland had gone to Confederacy. Surround DC. Lincoln was not about to let Marryland become CSA. More trrops than anywhere there!

First shots of civil war, fired aat Fort Sumter (Not first battle!) – South Carolina demands that USA abandon Fort Sumter, President Lincoln says ” no way” – South take fort that easily. He refuses to evacuate the fort. Finally, on April 1861, South Carolina says they will force ut.

For 2 days Fort Sumter is bombarded by Confederates until finally Union withdraws. Lincoln was the most political genioous – he knew the best way to drum up support in North was to make South start it. He forces South Carolina to take first shoyt. Now lincoln can go to the public and say “No Choice”.

After Fort Sumter – We have dead period for little bit. Both sides are figuring out how we’re goiing to fight this war.

Had these 3 things going for them, three huge advantages.

1) Most important – Population.

The population in then orth was much bigger thanin the South. All thse European immigrants pouring into USA. Whener North needs soldiers – setup booths where immigrants were coming in. Hand them supplies and say your fighting for North now.

Union can put more soliders in that the CSA can’t. South loses because they run out of men.

2) Almost all nations industries were northern. only 1 southern industry. They would have to try and buy it.

3) Blockade your coast – won’t let anything in or out.

South can’t overcome – 3 hude advantages.

On otherside of coin – CSA has psychological edges

1) Fighting for a cause – they beleive North is taking away life style, livlihood. Cause fighters tend to fight harder.

2) Advantage of fighting at home, vast majority of civil war battlers in South – fighting on home turf – tend to defend it better.

3) Confederate army had supperior officers – officers who were battle tested knew waht they were doing (less important over time)

Union Strategy – As we get ready to put war together, Lincoln and generals come up with a plan to divide the South, Divide and Conqueror. Name of plan is “Anaconda Plan” – Anaconda is big ol snake who squezes prey to death.

Divide at Mississippi river, cut-off ffrom each other.

The Confederate strategy has 2 parts, Sotuherners beleive most Northerners didn’t want to fight the war which was mostly true. 50/50 wanted to fight. If you fight a defensive war – drag out as long as possible. Enemy will say enough is enough – we quit.

War of Atrita. Outlast the other guy. It’s a dangerous startegy.

The South firmly beleived we were going to have help.

King Cotton Diplomacy !!!! Important on Final Exam

The major part of that industry is Texttiles, made from clothing, from South. If England and France felt flow of Cotton is in danger they’ll send men in to help. What were going to see is it’s a total failure. Especially england, in Early 1850′s they saw ahead of time what this was leading to.

England starts stockpiling and buying in bulk. South was to dumb to realize they were stock-piling. In 1862 when south says help us or no more cotton, England replies “They’ve got plenty, fight your own war”. Diplomacy doesn’t work, big failure.

On Thursday we’ll slug it out more.

Caning of Sumner

• 3 Principle Players
• William Sumner
• Senator from Massachusetts
• Andrew Butler, the aging senator from South Carolina
• Preston Books, nephew of Andrew Butler and member of House of Representatives from South Carolina

Caning of Sumner – 3 majors figures involved in this event. Take place in senate chambers – involves these 3 men.

What Happens, Charles sumner from Massachutes is going to get up and deliver speech about evil of slavery and how it’s tthe root of all problems. He takes it too far, he starts pointing fingers at different people. For southern men at time period – honor was most important. What sumner has done is insulted Andrew Butlers honor.

It doesn’t take long for word to get out. His nephew Preston Brooks is a young energetic man who wants to defend his uncl’es honor. Storms into office, takes his cane and starts beating him over the ehad wit hit.

Comes mighty close to kills him, can no longer serve in senate – beaten so bad. “Caning of Sumner” – Used his cane to beat the tar out of Sumner.

What happens next – People of Massachutes were outraged at what had happened. Sumner was unable to continue. In a means to protest what had happened.

In the south – PReston Brooks was hailed as a hero, many people send Preston hundreds of cane. This little incident doesn’t mean a whole lot. Just how far apart the 2 sections of the country have become.

The fight over slavery is going to effect nearly every institution in the country. The wig party stood for, Tariff, Big Governemtn, The Bank of the United States. As we get into the 1850′s. People really aren’;t focusing on wig ideas. New political parties popping up.

A lot of Northern wigs join anti-slavery movement. Wig-Party is going to fall by wayside. The republican party is going to form, made up of old wigs, anti-slavery. Know-nothings, Free soil

the know-nothing party is also called the American party, what nativism is an intense fear of immigrants. In the 1840′s and early 1850′s. Wave after Wave of immigrants come over. They come to big cities. Throughout of American History – nativist times.

all of these people in the North who are anti-immirgrant. Start a secret society, only anti-immigrant can join. Suppose to be secret but grows to political party. Party kept secret, “I know nothing about this party”. These 3 grups come together to form republican party, purely northerner party.

In 1857 – Supreme Court steps in, Dread Scott, what made his case unique. Owned by army officer and lived in state of Missouri. He got transferred to Wisconsin and took scott with him. Dread scott sues for his freedom. “Since I was taken to a place where slavery was illegal then I should no longer be a slave”. The supreme court had a very southern bent. Make surpising rule.

Rule against dread scottreally take things much further. They’re going to tell dread scott that slaves are not citezens. What the suprememe court does is take things futher. The constitution protects property, slaves are property, governemtn cant restrict property. You could take slaves anywhere. North ignores ruling.

Election of 1860

Johns brown raid

We’ll be at war

(You can view the original notes here)

Notes before class:

• The final exam is on Thursday Dec. 8th @ 12:30 pm located in the same room
• Bring scan-tron
• Ensure you get there even if your very sick, it’s very difficult on everyone for makeup exams.

Compromise of 1850

• The compromise of 1850 was suppose to prevent the civil war but failed to solve anything and created more problems than needed
• The compromise brings on these questions
• What do we do with California?
• What do we do with Slavery in Washington DC?
• What do we do with runaway slaves?
• among other question
• California becomes a free state which permanently offsets the balance of free states to slave states
• The Missouri compromise is pretended to never happen
• The line at 36 degrees and 36 minutes never happened
• People hated the slave market in Washington so the compromise shut it down, no new slaves but you could keep your existing ones.
• The third one is important and has to do with the fugitive slave laws which makes things worse.
• Before 1850, if a slave crossed to the north he was free. The fugitive slave law made is quite easy for slaves to be returned to the south.
• There were people called a professional slave catcher or “bounty hunter” that would go up North with a description of the slave, pick the guy out, and bring him to court (he may or may not be the slave or even a slave in general).
• A lot of people quickly grew to dislike the bounty hunters
• This also introduced corruption into the court system
• The judge got paid 5 times more for each case he ruled in the south’s favor rather than him rule in the slaves favor.
• People who were born and raised in the North were being brought down as runaway slaves to the south.
• All this leads to a lot more people to join the abolitionist and call for an end to all of this
• Many Northerners were constantly worried about getting kidnapped and mistaken for runaway slaves.
• Signs were posted everywhere to strongly caution people to be very weary of who they talk to because it might be a bounty hunter.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

• “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” was a book who made the Abolitionists famous. It was written by a northerner named Harriet Beecher Stowe who didn’t know much about slavery. She interviewed slaves from different places and put together the book “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” which went into great depth about how slaves lived.
• The book instantly becomes a run-away best seller and makes the abolitionists a much larger and important group.
• In 1862 during the civil war, Abraham Lincoln met the author and said, “So your the little one who started all of this”

Bleeding Kansas

• The railroad system opens up a mini civil war and several major events are started a a result of it. The railroad system and the resulting events are inherently complicated with no way to make it very easy.
• Every resident in Kansas was allowed to vote over the issue of it becoming a free or slave state.
• The problem is that both sides are going to pack as many people as they can into Kansas for voting as both are desperate to win the election.
• This voting event quickly starts to become ugly and corrupt
• The abolitionist started paying people to come to Kansas as long as they would vote for it as a free state, they would also pay recent immigrants who weren’t aware of the 2-sided situation very well.
• Newcomers were instructed to bring a Bible and a gun.
• The southerners were going to take a cheaper route. On the day of the election they would send thousands of pro-slavery people into Kansas to vote which offset the number of votes to the number of residents and corrupting the election.
• The population was 45,000 people but 65,000 people voted so everyone knew it was fraudulent.
• The southerners win and run with it but the Northerners say they can’t because it’s obviously a corrupted vote
• The southerners stand their ground on the outcome of the vote
• The northerners split the state and form their own government.
• It was more of an East/West civil war
• The question now was if the state could exist with 2 governors. The US Army should have rushed in and put a stop to this.
• They can’t co-exist and start open firing on each other. It becomes a real civil war.
• The 2 biggest incidents are
• The anti-slavery capital was burned to the ground
• An anti-slavery radical called John Brown leads a raid on the pro-slavery settlement and kills every woman, man, and child there.
• Remember the name John Brown
• This mini-civil war is a foreshadow of what’s going to happen nationwide

Nebraska

• Nebraska voted anti-slavery and unanimously won

Trans-continental railroad

• The trans-continental railroad is a railroad system that would cover America. It takes a really long time to complete and won’t be finished until the 1880′s.
• You could get on the train in the east and stay on until you reach California
• Every part of the country wanted the railroad to run through their state or city
• Everyone’s fighting about where to put it, if the railroad comes through your city or state then you get more money, prestige, population, popularity, and a lot more…

Stephen Douglas

• A man by the name of Stephen Douglas was from Illinois.
• He desperately wanted the railroad to come through Illinois but more specifically Chicago.
• The big problem was that no one lived out west of Illinois which were the future states of Kansas, Nebraska, and Colorado.
• Nobody gives Stephen Douglas’s idea much thought because nobody lived there, why have a grand railroad project go out in the middle of nowhere.
• Douglas is a very influential senator so he was determined to push it
• Douglas then side-tracks and decides to declare the states of Kansas and Nebraska then fill them up with people.
• He pushed to skip the population count rule and just immediately call them a state
• Stephen Douglas makes a behind-the-scenes deal with a senator
• Support my railroad placement and let’s create these 2 new states with the possibility of being a slave state (it could go either way). We’ll let the people of Kansas and Nebraska decide for themselves about the freedom issue.

(View the elaborated notes here)

We have a lot of people out today, today must be skip day.

Final Exam:

Thursday Dec. 8th @ 12:30 pm, so, regular class time, regular room.

Bring scan-tron and unless your runover by truck, try your absolute best to get here. Make-up final exams are a massive headache.

If you come here and tell me you weren’t feeling good, then I’m going to come up, with a final exam, so hard you’ll never pass it even with your book and me sitting there next to you. No I’m just kidding but try and make it here.

Didn’t mean to put out grumpy vibe today, maybe it’s the cold weather. Alright… Very Good…

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By the time we hit 1850, we are on a big and fast collision course with the civil war. The compromise of 1850 was designed to put those issues to rest but we’re going to see is not only does it fail to solve anything, it’s going to create more problems than it solves.

By this point, Henry clay is getting to become an old man. Going to die not too long from now. Steven Douglas from illinois.

Comprimise of 1850, what do we do with California, Savery in DC, Take on issue of runaway slaves. There’s no doubt that the northerners get the better end of deal. 1st part of compromise admits California as free state – balence will never be restored. Compromise of 1850 and after math – pretend that Missouri compromise never happens.

Line at 36/30 never reallly existed. Hre we’re opening up can of worms we’ll have to deal with later. Places like Arizona and New MExico, are they going to have slavery anyway.

2nd part deals with what;s going on in washington, they hated the slave market. If you already had slaves there you could keep them but the slave market was banned – no new slaves.

The 3rd part is really important, fugitive slave laws, makes things worse. Before 1850, a slave crosses to north he was home-free. Now we going to change everyhting. New tough fugitive slave law. Make it much easier to return runaway slaves. Now, basically, hire the proffesional slave catchers (bounty hunters), give general description of person, turn them lose.

The bounty hunter would catch them and take them to court. Many people don’t like bounty hunters and consider them a disturbance of the peace. Introduce corruption, brought before the judge, the judge got paid by each case they’ve heard. If the judge ruled the slave wasn’t the runaway slave, then the judge got paid a dollar, if it was the runaway slave, they got $5.

How is the judge going to lean on each case, sorry your guilty. Slaves who lived their entire ives in the north would be accused, slaves who were free their entire lives would be accused. More people join with the abolitionist, more people call for an end.

In the long run new fugitive slave run isn’t good. amny northerners were worried about getting kidnapped. North started posting posters up for black people strongly cauting to be weary of who they’re talking to because it might be a southern bounty hunter.

One of the biggest events that makes the abolitioners famous in the north, was a novel. “Uncle Toms Cabin” wrote by Harriet Beecher Stowe, in-depth detail about howslaves lived.
Never been to the south and never seen slavery so she gets her information from slaves themselves. It’s a story that has a ton of sad moments. This book becomes a run-away best seller. The abolitionist get’s really big. In 1862 during civil way. Abraham Lincoln met author in person an said “so your the little one who caused all of this”

If you have some spare time you should read all of it. The issue we’re going to get into now, you might be asking yourself now, what does the railroad have to do with the civil war. Well, it opens up a min-civil war. Bleeding-Kansas. The story in Kansas is complicated – a ton of notes – we gotta do it. The background of it has to do with the railroad.

The grandest projects is the idea of a trans-continental railroad. Not completed up until the 1880′s. We’re in the planning stages. Get on the train in the east coast and stay on it until you reach California. Every part of the country wanted the railroad to run through their state or town.

Just like today when new interstate proposed, everyone fights about where to put it. If you get the trans-continental railroad coming you get money and prestiege, etc… Our friend stephen douglas was from Illinois. When we think of Chicago we think of a big city, in 1850 Chicago was a bump in the road. Stephen Douglas is desperate to get Trans-Continental railroad – specifically near chicago.

One of the drawbacks was that once you got west of illinois, what is today Kanssas, Nebrasko, Colorado. No one really lived out there. No settlers. When stephen douglas pushes it, they on’t want to because no one lived there. Douglas was a very influental senator and he wanted the railroad.

What he wants to do is fill up Kansas and Nebraska – let’s get people living there. He’s going to push for the cration of the new states Kansas and NEbraska. let’s skip population count and just make them a state.

Open up big cn of worms – SLavery in the territoris. For douglas to get his railroad, just liek in congress troday. Politicians are making deals with each other, you help me I’ll hel pyou. Douglas needs help getting hjis railroad. If yu support myu railroad here, what can I do for you.

Let’s make a nw slave state – that’s going to be the new thing. You join me and we’ll create a new slave sate. The heck wit hthe missouri compromise. This is the concoted plan:

Take new states of Kansas and NEbraska, according t missouri compromise should be free. We’ll open these 2 new states to the possibiltiy of slave states. They know they can’t just mak it a slave state, what we can do is open up to the possibility of a slave state.

We’ll let the people of Kanasas and Nebraska decide for themselves. Douglas and evryone else pretty much assumed that Kansas would become free. The north was not about to let a new slave state be created without going to war.

Bleeding Kansas start coming in – this is where popular soverighnty comes to play a role. Every resident in Kansas was allowed to come in vote for free or slave state.

What happens. Each side is going to try and pack as many voters into kansas as possible. Each side is desperate to win election. Pro-slavery southerns encourage people to move to kansas, abolitions try tp oencourage as many anti-slavery people t move inthere – we need yur vote.

Pickup and move to kansas. what we’re go9ing to see is that tboth sides are going to be so desperate – they’ll go to any means nesasary to win this election.

—-

Now the fun is going to begin —-

The abolitionist were so desperate to get people to move to the north that they start paying people to go to kansas. As long as you’ll promise to vote for abolitionist, they’ll pay for your move. If your a recent immigrant, Immigrans don’t really know about slavery so they say “sure, why not.” They know what a fight this is going to be.

They tell you to bring a bible and bring a gun. Teling them this election doesn;t go our way, step 2 – go to war. That’s the nprthern perspective. The suthern pro-slaver resorts to cheap. The day of the election, missori. Thousands of pro-savery southerners are going to cross over to kansas and vote in the election.

They had no way of knowing you weren’t from there. immidiately everyone knows this election is ffradulent. The population is 45,000 people but the votes are 65,000. The southern pro-slavery sides – they’re going to take pro-slavery and run with it. The abolitioners are going t osay not so fast.

Abolitioners are going to say we’re not going by your election, we’re goig to create ourt own governemnt. IT was more of an east/west civil war. Is the state going to be able to co-exist with to govenors. At this point the USA governemtn should have sent army in saying enugh of this concept.

To gvernemtns trying to co-exist which desn;t work – start shooting at each other. Nebraska definately anti-slavery. Kansas is going to dissolve into a real civil war, pro-salver and anti-slavery are at each others throat. 2 biggest incidents are the anti-slavery capital burned to ground by pro-slavery people

2nd incident – pro-slavery settlement. ***John Brown*** – rememrb name. He leads a raid on pro-slavery settlemtn and millks the whole village. He was a radical.

Kansas is a foreshadowing of what’s about to happen all over the country. Over the issue of Kansas. People argue to death that slaver ydidn’t cause the civil war. They;re going to tell you that – southerners were fighting for their way of life but what were they fighting about?

(You can view the original notes here)

Notes before class starts:

• Book Reviews due November 29th
• For your final exam – bring a scan-tron
• The finals maybe on Thursday but he’s not entirely sure
• The final exam will be like any other test, only a little easier
• The first part is multiple choice but given by the school to all history students and not by the teacher.
• The essay will be on tracing events lead to the civil war
• Makeup test will be given out on December 1st so if you have no makeup tests you can do other things
• He will publish the study guide to Blackboard soon for the Final Exam

The Move West:

• As the United States was pushing to the Pacific, thousands of settlers were making the Journey westward
• They left to start new lives, cheap land, adventure, or to avoid troubles. “GTT”

Manifest-Destiny:

• The Mexican War completed manifest destiny which was stretching the United States out from sea to sea

Criminal Escaping & “GTT”:

• In 1845 is was pretty easy to commit a crime and then make a quick escape.
• Now that Texas was joined to the union, criminals were “escaping” thereunder a new identity. To keep people from worrying or wondering where they are they would announce to everyone “GTT” which means “Gone to Texas”

California Gold Rush:

• The biggest reason people went westward is because everyone wanted to “strike it rich”
• Gold Rush Story
• In 1848, South of Fransisco, a group of people were constructing a small mill along river bank. Part of the river bank suddenly gave away and revealed, once buried under the rocks, a small vein of gold.
• The workers immediately realized they didn’t need to finish because they were now multimillionaires.
• It doesn’t take long for the word to get out to everyone
• The California Gold Rush began in 1849
• An easy way to remember it is by the San-Fransisco 49′ers which is actually where the name comes from
• The shipping companies wanted to catch peoples attention so they did a bit of false advertising
• They advertised a land where all the hills were made of solid gold, anyone can drop by and dig up as much as they wanted.
• Out of every 100 people that went to dig for gold, 98 of them never struck rich or found any at all
• Eventually it becomes obvious that this is a “business” for the shipping companies and some other businesses to strike it rich
• Many thousands of people go after the Gold Rush

Morman Religion:

• Religious reasons were also why so many people moved westward
• The Morman Church was the fastest growing church and was founded by Joseph Smith
• How the religion got started
• Joseph smith was walking in a field when he discovered a gold plate with some strange markings on it. Suddenly, An angel came out from the sky and gave him a tool to make use of the strange writings. after Joseph read them, the angel then took the tool and plates back to the heavens.
• It was revealed to Joseph that the true church was lost due to the Indians which made Joseph want to get it back.
• Joseph founded polygamy, having more than one wife. This caused so much controversy that he was kicked out of the town. Joseph moved westward to Navu (*Navu might be wrong*). But instead of being kicked out, he was imprisoned.
• He took his people and marched across country to a remote land later called Utah. They founded the city “Salt Lake City” and built one of the grandest cities in America on top of the land.
• Now the religion is at peace to freely practice and expand their religion
• Once they settled in Joseph married 65 women
• About the religion
• The Mormon’s believe that the man or head of the household is the one to take the family into heaven. The more wife’s he has, the more families and people he’s saving and therefore looked upon similar to a god.
• If your faithful to the Mormon religion enough you can become the husband of an entire civilization or society and be responsible for taking the society into heaven.
• A recommended book on the subject is: “Escape”

The Salt Lake:

• A bed was dug out by glaciers long long ago and several rivers from the oceans steadily poured into it but without escape. Over thousands of years ocean water would flow into the lake bed, evaporate, and leave salt behind.
• Eventually the salt levels simply got too high and the river bed turned into a salt bed.

Utah:

• When Utah applies to become a state they are denied so because of the offending “Multiple Marriage” belief. Utah “officially” drops the belief and becomes state but several people “Unofficially” practice it under the name of “Fundamentalists”

Steps to Civil War:

• Between late 1840′s and 1850′s, several steps would occur in threat to tear nation in two sides

California:

• California had more than enough people to become a state, they had so many people, in fact, that most people suggested them to skip the process of becoming a state and just become one.
• Which do they become then, a slave state or a free state?
• Both sides desperately wanted that huge state to join their side
• Whatever decision they choose would offset the balance of free states to slave states.
• Popular Sovereignty
• The final conclusion to just let California decide whether or not to become a slave or free state
• This seems like a good idea but nothing good comes out of it and it creates a lot more problems than it fixes.

Slavery:

• Slaves have many ways to show displeasure with their master.
• Becoming Ill
• Breaking tools
• Laziness
• The biggest was to run away
• Everyday slaves were running away everywhere but only for a few days. They would come back voluntarily because they punishment was much less fierce than if they were captured and brought back
• Around 1850, this “coming back” policy was shifted on the start of the underground railroad which lead slaves to try and run-away for good.
• By 1850, a healthy adult slave cost several thousand dollars so when the owner lost a slave he was was out a lot of money.
• The north was encouraging as many slaves as possible to make a run for it to the North.
• This angered the South, masters were always continually demanding they send their slave back.

Underground Railroad:

• The underground railroad was called that because it consisted of many stops along the way to freedom which was the north.
• These “stops” were safe-houses run by a white southern person or family. They would provide food and shelter for a few days and the slave would try to make a jump to the next safe-house under cover of darkness.
• These houses acted like a network or a tunnel system.

Capital Slavery:

• By 1850 most of the Countries in other parts of the world were abolishing slavery. The USA was still holding onto it, but not only that, the capital was actively using it. the main slave market was in Washington where they would be put on display for purchase.
• These issues are really tearing at the heart of the country

Southern Convention:

• 1850 is a big year for many reasons including the Southern Convention
• It’s a meeting that takes place on June of 1850 in Nashville, TN.
• Each southern state sends delegates to discuss the defense of slavery
• They pretty much see where slavery is going, they know one day the federal government is going to outlaw it and they’ll be up a creek.
• Very important to remember
• For the first time and in a serious manner, the act of leaving the United States of America was discussed. To branch out and form our own government and country.

Fire Eaters:

• A group called the “Fire Eaters”continually pushed branching off from the USA, claimed the South has no other choice.
• Famous but good book, “The Fire Eaters”
• At this point – those people aren’t ready to take such a drastic step

Push for more slave territory:

• The south, by the 1850′s, was really pushing for more slave territory and the expansion of other slave territory

(You can view the elaborated notes here)

The Move West

• As the United States was pushing to the Pacific, thousands of settlers were making the journey westward.
• They left to start new lives, cheap land, adventure, or to avoid troubles. “GTT”

Book Reviews due November 29th

We’ll talk about “GTT” in a second. It’s not a car.

Alright, one other reminder. For your final exam – bring a scantron. Uh… Thursday of exam day may be your finals. We’ll check on that later on today.

The fianl exam is going to be like the other tests.

• 1st part is multiple choice – easy but given by the school not the teacher
• Essay – tracing events leading to civil war

Miss test 1 or 2 make it up on December 1st. If you didn’t skip test then go eat lunch somewhere during that time.

Finals is easier of the tests.

• Aztecs
• Colonial Exchange

It’ll be in your study-guide coming soon on blackboar.

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The MExican war completes manifest-destiny. Talk a little bit about the people that move west. The groups that want to avoid trouble – 1845 very different world – very easy to hide from trouble. If broke law you could easily escape to another town.

“GTT” means “Gone to texas” – let people know where they would. If you come t oa dead-end on geneaology then tht’s probbaly why – they escaped under a different name to Texas.

The biggest draw, the prospect of striking it rich. In 1848, south of San Fransisco – A group of men were constructing a small mill along river bank, when part of the riverbank gave away. Burried in the river rocks was a “vein” of gold.

Immidiately they realized they didn’t need to make saw mill. All of a sudden they were multi-millionares. Doesm’t take long for word to spread that gold was discovered in California.

In 1849, California gold rush. Easy way to remmeber dat – Sanfansico 49′ers – where name comes from.

Shipping company, like advertising today, they wanted to catch peoples attention. They sent images of hills made of gold in California. Out of every 100 miners, 98 come empty handed. Most don’t find anything. Pretty soon what happens, the only ones really making money were mining companies and the people that make money off of mining companies.

Gold Rush sends thousands of people towards it.

**At lincolns tomb – there’s a big copper sword, someone stole it by weilding it off of it. Most theives like that, if they would put that energy into doing something productive for a change.**

Relegious reasons were a lot of reasons why people moved westward. The morman church was the fastest growing church. Joseph Smith foounded the morman church. While he was out in a field he found golden plate. There were writings he couldn’t make out. An angel visited him and gave tol to interppret plates, then took him back to heaven so no ne saw plats.

1000′s of years – christrians served in heaven, indians murdered them off, true church was lost. He’s determined to get it back. The practice of polygamy – plural marriage – more than one wive. The mormans are going to be pushed out and settle in navu so Joseph was pplaced in prison. Mob stormed prison and killed him.

Nrew leader – Brigham Yound University – for mormon’s to contune to practice their faith. Escape and go alone. March followers across country.

Salt lake city

Joseph Smith takes his followers and settle into Utah and great salt lake. There the mormans could participate in their religion with no outsde interference.

How in the world does this great salt lake wind up in midle of country. The reason why is, several different reivers flow into lake but none flow out. Over time every drop of water contains some salt. Thousands of Years, no water ever escapes it. Continously water runs into it. Salt levels rise. Water evaporate but salt stays.

Mormans settle there. Build the nicest big cities in world. Salt lake city. Almost total morman population in modern times.

Were spenfing too much times on morgans. Once they got their they were free to practice poolygamy. Joseph get’s 65 wives. If you get married in Christian church “death do us part” mormans beleive marriage is “ternal”. Basically they beleive male head of household holds key to family salvation – he takes his family into heaven. The more wives you marry, the more souls you create. Mormans beleive there are lot’s of civilizations scattered aroud Universe. If your faithful enough you can become a “god” of that civilization.

“:Escape” – Excellent morman book

When Utah applies for statehood, Utah is denied over polygamy. Utah drops it an becomes state – quietly call themselves “fundementalists” “really poly…”

“Sister wives is a show that comes on…”

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Back to path on Civil War.

Late 1840′s and 1850′s. Several big sissues threating to rip apart nation. Steps to civil war.

Furst thing is “What’s going to happen to California”. Waht’s going to happen to savery and territories.

After the gold rush, thousands of people streaming into California. We;ve talked about this idea of opening up new settlements. So many peoople were rushing to Caifornia. It was proposed to let California skip the territorial phase and immidiately becme  state.

Slave state or free state., Both sides desperately wanted it to become their side. Another part of this, is that balence we’re talking about. Remmebr back to Missouri Crisis, remember when missuri wanted to come in as slave state.

Made a new free state – Maine. Keep the balence. So fast forward a few years. Nation has fdone a good job of keeping balence.

15 fre states and 15 slave states. During the civil war, Jones County – decided it wanted tostay in the Union – Free state of Jones.

When California comes into Union – that’s going to be a very big issue.

the 2n is this idea of runaway slaves. ::Fugitive Slaves:: Slaves have lots of ways to show displeaseru. Break equipment, lazy, become ill, the chirf means of disobidience was running away. Extremely common occurence. Every day slaves ran away.

Usually run away for a day or two – usually came back on their own. They’re scared to come back but punishment was a lot less severe. As we get to the time perod of 1850 – this policy shifts. Instead of running away for a couple of days. Slaves were looking to run away for good – find freesdom (undderground Railroad)

By 1850 – Healthy adult slave costs several thousand dollars. The south is really angry that the north would not aid them in returning slaves. Home-free if pass to North. Southerners were contiusally called to return then. North encourgaes more to run away instead of returning them.

===the Underground railroad===

No trains running underground or trais, the reasosn it’s called that is because, stops along the way, like a trian trip. The Underground railroad – a network of safe-huses. Sympethetic white southers would take them in, make it to a safe house. Hide for a few days, food, shelter, rest. Try to make it to the next safe house at night.

A network of safe-houses, try to make it t the nrth.

Another issure really dogging the cuntry, slavery in the capital. By 1850, most of the countries in the world were aboloshing slavery. Not only was the USA holding onto it but the capital was using it. Slave market in Washington. Slaves were bought and sold in auction.

Human being put on display an being bought and sold. and so, these issues are really tearing at the heart f the country – both sides desperately clinging to isseus.

1850 is a critical year for many reasons – an event known as the southern convention. Souther Convention takes place in June of 1850, held in city of Nashville TN. Each of the southern states send delegates to discuss the defense of slavery.

The handwriting on wall, that their time is coming. They discuss how to defend it.

!!For the first time in a serious manner – succesion or leving the union is seriously discussed. LEave the USA, suseed from Union. Seriously talked about! !! The group that seriously push this, ” Fire-Eaters”. Cotinually push for leaving the union.

Southern Radicals – No other choice

really good book called “The Fire-Eaters”, famous book

Call for sucession. At this point those guys aren’t lsited to very much. Most arent’ Ready to take that durastic step. Well another issue pops up that related to idea of…

Missouri Compromise line, drew line at 36degrews 36 minutes, anything north is free, anything south is slavery. More terrotiotries open, southerners push for slave territory to exapand.

Popular Sovereignty – Let the people in the terriority decide whether or not to have slavery, let the Californians decide. Seemsl ike good idea but nothing good comes out f it. Create a lot more problems than fixes.

Idea, why don’t we let the peop;le in California decide for themselves whether to be a free state or slave state. Very contriversal subject.

Leave it there for today, talk about rest when brains are refreshed.